Probably all of you know the great scientist, name Sir Albert Einstein. Today we will discuss about The Secret Life of Albert Einstein.
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Albert Einstein was so smart that scientists studied his brain after he died to figure out why he was such an icon. The Time Magazine named him Person of the century.
In1999. But despite
his fame, the world's best known scientist had his secrets. The FBI kept a
clandestine file on him, and he had an illegitimate child to name just two.
This is the story of Albert Einstein in full. Einstein was
born in a home in southwestern Germany on March 14th 1879. The family moved to
Munich just a few weeks later, where he grew up with his younger sister. When
he was 5 years old, he fell ill one day and his father gave him a compass to
cheer him up.
Einstein was amazed
that the needle always pointed to the magnetic north, no matter which way he
turned the compass. In his autobiographical notes, he recalled I can still
remember or at least believe I can remember that this experience made a deep
and lasting impression upon me,
Something deeply hidden, had to be behind things. So began a
lifelong fascination with physics. He later said, if he hadn't become a
physicist, he'd probably be a musician. He loved music, especially Mozart
sonatas. Unlike many geniuses, Einstein wasn't a child prodigy. He didn't speak
full sentences until he was five.
According to his
biographers, his parents were understandably worried. But when he got into
school, Einstein came into his own. His family was Jewish, but he attended a
Catholic elementary school where he excelled as a student. There was a rumor
going around that he flunked math, but to the contrary.
Einstein said that he had already mastered differential and
integral calculus before the age of 15. For a while his father Hermann ran a
small electro chemical plant, but he struggled to keep it going. Eventually he
moved his family to Italy in the hopes of finding new opportunities.
Young Albert stayed behind to finish high school, but he
hated school where success depended on memorization and obeying authority. He
was a rebel and apparently through temper tantrums. One exasperated teacher
even said he would never amount to anything on Stein dropped out at age 15.
He also renounced his
German citizenship, which got him out of mandatory military service for few
years he belonged to no country and low the nationalism preferring to be a
citizen of the world.
When he did eventually
become a citizen again, it was Swiss. When he moved to Switzerland. He tried to
get admitted to the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He did
well in the math and physics section of the entrance exam, but is said to have
done horribly in language zoology and botany. It didn't help that the exam was
in French, so he didn't get in and instead continued his high school studies.
He was a good student scoring the highest possible grade of six in many
subjects, including math and physics.
With this under his
belt, he was automatically admitted to the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology, where he had originally flunked the entrance exam. He enrolled in a
four year teaching program in math and physics. That's where he met his future
wife. Mileva Maric, the only female student in his physics class. Einstein's
private letters discovered in the 80s caused a sensation because they revealed
the couple had a child out of wedlock a daughter named Faisal.
According to their
correspondence. Liza was born in 1902. A year before her parents married, she
was cared for by her mother was staying with her family in her native Serbia.
While Einstein worked in Switzerland. March would later join Einstein without
the child.
It's unclear what happened to their daughter. Historians
believe she either died in infancy, probably from scarlet fever, or was given
up for adoption. March and Einstein would have two sons after they married. The
eldest Hans Albert said Einstein wasn't a good father, remarking, probably the
only project he ever gave up on was me.
In 1901, Einstein received his diploma to teach physics and
math, but he struggled to find an academic position after two years of
searching, he said to have even applied to teach high school. Eventually he
worked at the Swiss patent office in Bern for seven years. This job would be a
blessing in disguise, it wasn't mentally challenging, and he found that when he
was done evaluating patents for the day, he could use the rest of his time to
work on scientific research.
His real passion 1905
was Einstein’s Year of Miracles he wrote four papers in a German scientific
journal that changed the way we see the universe. I'll try to explain them as
simply as possible. Einstein is believed to have said if you can't explain it
simply, you don't understand it well enough. The first was his theory of light.
The physicists at the time believed light was a wave, but it
didn't make sense that light could create an electric current. Einstein
proposed that light was actually made up of a stream of particles called
photons. And these photons can knock an electron off an atom to create a
current. This is the photoelectric effect.
His second paper made
a case for the existence of atoms. He observed what seemed like the random move
into particles in water, and reason that it's not so random if the water is
actually made up of invisible atoms that cause the particles to jiggle. This
was called Brownian motion after the botanist Robert Brown, who had observed
the phenomenon earlier.
His third and most
famous discovery is a special theory of relativity. in which it's impossible to
say if two events occurred at the same time, if those events are separated in
space, a, b, and c all happen at the same time, however, they appear to occur
in a different order depending on the location of the observer. Or let's say
someone in London starts running at the same time as someone in New York, they
would appear to start running at different times that the observer is on a
plane flying between London and New York.
Relativity is the basis of the world's most famous formula E=mc2. His fourth paper gave
us this equation which shows how energy equals mass times the speed of light
squared in case you're feeling somewhat intellectually challenged at this
point, Einstein once said, do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics,
I can assure you mine are still greater.
So under the right
conditions, energy can become mass and mass can become energy. Here's an
example take a paperclip to find out how much energy is inside of it, you'd
multiply its mass by the speed of light squared. If you could turn every one of
the atoms in this paperclip into pure energy, leaving no mass, then this
paperclip will be as powerful as the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
Indeed, physicists began to consider whether his equation
might actually make an atomic bomb possible as Einstein gained greater prestige
his wife gained more hustled work. March was also passionate about math and
science but gave up her own ambitions to care for their children. There was
even some evidence she helped her husband developed some of the concepts in his
famous papers. In Einstein’s letters to her he referenced bringing our work on
relative motion to a successful conclusion.
The papers would transform it from an unknown patent office
clerk to a renowned genius. He would go on to teach physics at universities in
Prague, Zurich and Berlin, where he reacquired German citizenship and spent his
time during World War I.
War by the way,
disgusted him although his professional life was going well, his personal life
suffered, Einstein would write to his first love Mary Wintler, whom he met as a
teenager, he spilled his heart out to her saying how much he missed her and how
he thought of her whenever he had a free moment. It was perhaps no surprise
when he and his wife eventually split up. Maric took the boys to Zurich while
Einstein remained in Berlin.
They divorced in 1919. And immediately after Einstein married
his first cousin, Elsa Lowenthal with whom he had been having an affair for
years. He would later end up cheating on Elsa as well. As part of the divorce
agreement with marriage. She would receive money from a Nobel Prize if he were
to ever win one. And he did in 1921, for his theory of light, not his theory of
relativity, and there was something about his Relativity Theory that kept
nagging at him because it didn't acknowledge the existence of gravity.
So we tinkered with
it for 10 years before coming up with his general theory of relativity, which
completed the picture. 200 years before Einstein, Sir Isaac Newton provided the
world with insight into gravity, but didn't explain how it worked. How is it
that the sun pulls on the earth? Einstein's general theory of relativity says
something heavy like the sun that causes a warp or a dent in space, the Earth
is impacted by the dent and rolls around the sun like a marble rolling in a
bowl.
In other words, orbits. His theory also suggested that light
from another star would be bent by the sun's gravity. If this were true, then
Starlight passing by the sun would be bent so that we on Earth would think that
the apparent location of the star is different than it really is.
This theory was
considered to be preposterous at the time, it could only be proven during a
total solar eclipse when the moon blocks had the bright light of the sun. And
that's exactly what happened in 1919, English astronomer Sir Arthur Eddington
traveled to the coast of West Africa to photograph that total solar eclipse the
sun had in fact deflected the light.
Recently, Einstein was proved right once again. Stanford
University astrophysicists saw light behind a black hole for the first time,
which is strange because black holes have such a strong gravitational pull,
that light cannot escape them. The reason we can see light is that the black
hole is warping space in bending light as predicted by general relativity.
Einstein became a
celebrity overnight, instantly recognizable thanks to immense press coverage,
even though his theory meant very little to the average person. The world
needed something to celebrate after a long and horrifying war. He began
traveling abroad and going to Asia, the Middle East in the US where he gave
lectures at Columbia University and Princeton.
He published an essay on his first impression of America in
1921. noting what strikes a visitor is
the joyous positive attitude to life. The American is friendly, self confident,
optimistic, and without envy, he would make more trips to the US and while
on one of these visits in early 1933, he came to the stark realization that he
could never return to Germany.
The Nazis had come to power under Adolf Hitler and Einstein
was everything the dictator hated he was Jewish. He was part of the
intelligentsia. And he was a pacifist and German magazine listed him as an
enemy of the regime with a caption, not yet hanged, and reportedly put a $5,000
price tag on his head. When he returned to Europe, he went to Belgium where he
renounced his German citizenship.
He then traveled to
England Einstein had offers to teach at Oxford and several European
universities, but chose to emigrate to the US. He took up a faculty position at
the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he remained
for the rest of his life. Many prestigious American universities like Harvard
and Yale had very few Jewish faculty or students as a result of discriminatory
quotas. By the time he had arrived in the US, his best scientific research was
already behind him. Nothing would trump his theory of relativity or his other
work.
He tried and failed
to find one equation to explain all of the forces of nature. And despite the
stability he found at the research institution, life wasn't always easy for
Einstein. His younger son Edward was diagnosed with schizophrenia and suffered
his first mental breakdown.
His wife Elsa suffered from a painful illness that would
take her life in 1936. And to his horror, scientists began to look at whether his
equation E=mc2could in fact make an atomic bomb. Einstein detested
war get dedicated much of his time to writing about peace. However, despite
being a pacifist, he was alarmed by the rise of fascism and signed a letter to
President Roosevelt in 1939, warning him that the Nazis were working on an
atomic bomb.
This led Roosevelt to set up the Manhattan Project the
secret American led effort to develop an atomic weapon. Einstein's formula was
key to its success. But he wasn't involved with the project himself because the
FBI didn't trust him.
Washington considered him a security risk because of his
association with the peace movement. And socialist organizations. The FBI kept
tabs on him they had a dossier that grew to over 1400 files. FBI Director J.
Edgar Hoover even recommended he kept it of America under the alien Exclusion
Act, though this was overruled by the State Department. Einstein was also a
civil rights activist.
As a Jewish scientist who experienced anti-Semitism in
Germany. He was taken aback by racial segregation in the US.
In 1946. He traveled
to Lincoln University, a small University in Pennsylvania. That was the first
to grant degrees to blacks. He gave a speech in which he called racism a
disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet about it. Yet it appears
he was not immune to the disease. His private diaries would reveal prejudiced
attitudes toward other races.
In the 1920s. He traveled throughout Asia and wrote that the
Chinese were an industrious, filthy obtuse people. It would be a pity if these
Chinese supplant all other races. For the likes of us the mere thought is
unspeakably dreary. These words are in stark contrast with his public image. In
1940, Einstein became a citizen of the United States.
His commitment to the
cause of peace led him to champion the creation of a one world government. He
initially rejected the idea of a Jewish state on the grounds of detesting
nationalism. However, after seeing the persecution of Jews in Europe, he
promoted the Zionist cause of a Jewish nation even though he was personally
torn over the issue. Einstein would say my relationship to the Jewish people has
become my strongest human bond.
Though he wasn't religious, he didn't believe in a personal
God and prefer to be called an agnostic. The State of Israel was created in
1948. And in 1952, Israel's Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion offered Einstein
the post of president Einstein declined explaining that he had spent his life
dealing with objective matters and lacked the aptitude and experience of
dealing with people.
He was smart enough to know his own shortcomings. On April
17 1955, Einstein checked himself into Princeton Hospital in New Jersey after
his abdominal aortic aneurysm burst. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in
the body. He had previously had surgery on it. This time, he refused surgery,
saying it was tasteless to prolong life and that it was time to go.
He died the next day, mumbling a few words in German before
taking his last breath. The nurse on duty didn't understand German and couldn't
repeat it. So what he said is lost in history.
Einstein remains were cremated and his ashes scattered in a
secret spot along the Delaware River. Those ashes didn't include his brain. A
pathologist named Thomas Harvey removed his brain so that scientists could try
to figure out why he was so intelligent but he did so without permission.
After Einstein’s family found out he eventually got the okay
to use the brain for scientific research on Stein's brain was found to be
missing a bordering region called the lateral sulcus, which researchers believe
may have led neurons in this part of the brain to communicate better.
Scientists also believe his neurons used up more energy
because his brain was found to have a higher percentage of glial cells which
nourish support and protect the neurons. The pathologist then cut up the brain
into pieces, stored it into jars preserved in formaldehyde, and kept it in his
basement.
Today, the most
celebrated brain in the world is in pieces at the Mutter Museum in
Philadelphia. It's hard to imagine what Einstein would think of all this
attention. He specifically wanted to be cremated so that people wouldn't
worship His body, but worshiped he is.
The 99th elements of the periodic table is named after him. Einsteinium
was discovered shortly after his death. Albert Einstein lives on as one of
the smartest people in history who changed the way we view and understand the
world and the universe. He was influential in supporting so many other causes
besides science, he lived an extraordinary life.
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